The P1396 trouble code is a manufacturer-specific powertrain code. Its exact definition depends entirely on the vehicle application, primarily indicating a glow plug monitor fault, a wheel speed sensor issue, or an engine speed sensor problem.
Because it is manufacturer-specific, the exact application must be verified. The code identifies a detected condition, and testing is required to identify the root cause before replacing any components.
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Key Takeaways
- P1396 is a manufacturer-specific code with definitions varying significantly between automakers.
- On Ford applications, it indicates a glow plug monitor fault for Bank 2.
- On General Motors applications, it points to a wheel speed sensor 2 or G-sensor circuit performance issue.
- On Volkswagen and Audi applications, it indicates an engine speed sensor missing tooth fault.
- Proper diagnosis requires verifying the exact factory definition and testing the relevant sensor or glow plug circuits.
P1396 Code Description and Implications
The P1396 code is a manufacturer-specific powertrain definition. Because it is not a generic SAE code, its exact meaning depends entirely on the vehicle application.
Ford applications: P1396 indicates a glow plug monitor fault on Bank 2. The glow plug control module detects an issue while monitoring the glow plugs on the second bank.
General Motors applications: On these vehicles, P1396 indicates a wheel speed sensor 2 or G-sensor circuit performance fault. The control module detects a deviation or irregularity in the sensor signal.
Volkswagen and Audi applications: P1396 indicates an engine speed sensor missing tooth fault. The engine control module detects an irregularity in the engine speed signal from the crankshaft position sensor.
Common Causes of the P1396 Code
Electrical faults, component degradation, and mechanical issues are the primary triggers, though the specific causes vary by manufacturer.
For Ford applications: The issue stems from failed glow plugs on Bank 2, a failing glow plug relay, or damaged wiring and connectors in the glow plug circuit.
For GM applications: The fault is caused by a failed wheel speed sensor, damaged wiring harnesses, or a poor electrical connection at the sensor connector.
For VW and Audi applications: The issue is caused by a damaged engine speed sensor tone ring, a failing crankshaft position sensor, or debris interfering with the sensor signal.
Symptoms Associated With P1396
When the control module detects a fault in these specific monitoring systems, it illuminates the Check Engine Light.
Ford applications: You may experience difficulty starting the engine in cold weather, rough idling, or white smoke during startup if the glow plugs are not functioning correctly.
GM applications: You may experience ABS or traction control system disablement. The stability control system may also illuminate a warning light on the dashboard.
VW and Audi applications: You may experience engine stalling, hesitation, or a no-start condition if the engine control module cannot accurately determine engine speed.
Diagnosing the P1396 Trouble Code
Accurate diagnosis begins by confirming the exact factory definition for your specific vehicle make and model, as this is a manufacturer-specific error code.
Ford diagnosis: Inspect the glow plug wiring and connectors on Bank 2 for damage. Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of each glow plug and check the circuit for high resistance or opens.
GM diagnosis: Use a scan tool to monitor the live wheel speed sensor or G-sensor data. Verify the sensor reading and check the reference voltage, signal, and ground circuits to identify a performance fault.
VW and Audi diagnosis: Inspect the engine speed sensor and the tone ring for damage or debris. Test the sensor resistance and check the signal output using an oscilloscope to verify the missing tooth pattern.
Repairing the P1396 Issue
Repairs must address the specific root cause identified during testing.
Ford repair: If the glow plugs on Bank 2 fail resistance testing, replace the confirmed failed components. Repair any damaged wiring or connectors in the glow plug circuit.
GM repair: If the wheel speed sensor or G-sensor signal is erratic and the wiring is intact, replace the confirmed failed sensor. Repair any chafed wires and clear the codes to verify the repair.
VW and Audi repair: If the engine speed sensor or tone ring is damaged, replace the confirmed failed component. Clean any debris from the sensor area and verify the signal pattern.
Cost Considerations for P1396 Repairs
Cost depends on diagnostic time, component accessibility, required parts, programming requirements, and labor.
Replacing a single wheel speed sensor or glow plug is generally a straightforward repair with moderate parts and labor costs. Replacing an engine speed sensor or repairing buried wiring harnesses may require significantly more labor.
Prevention Strategies for Future Occurrences
Inspecting glow plug wiring harnesses for early signs of melting, chafing, or degradation near hot exhaust components can help prevent circuit faults from developing on diesel applications.
Keeping wheel speed sensor connectors clean and ensuring protective seals are intact may reduce moisture intrusion and prevent corrosion-related performance faults.
Troubleshooting Tips and Best Practices
Do not immediately replace the engine control module just because a P1396 code is present. A failed sensor, a shorted wire, or a poor connection will produce the exact same fault reading.
Always verify the manufacturer-specific definition first. A code that means a glow plug monitor fault on a Ford means a wheel speed sensor issue on a GM vehicle.
Check for Technical Service Bulletins for your specific vehicle. Manufacturers occasionally release updated sensor part numbers or revised wiring harness routing procedures to address chronic circuit issues.
More OBD-II Codes
| P1395 | P1394 | P1390 | P1389 |
| P1388 | P1386 | P1397 | P1398 |
| P1399 | P1403 | P1404 | P1405 |
| P0335 | P0500 | P0300 | P1391 |
| P1406 | P1407 | P1408 | P1409 |
| P1410 | P1415 | P1416 | P1418 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is P1396 a generic or manufacturer-specific code?
No. P1396 is a manufacturer-specific powertrain code. It indicates a glow plug monitor fault on Ford, a wheel speed sensor issue on GM, and an engine speed sensor fault on VW/Audi.
Can I drive my car with a P1396 code?
Driving is not recommended if the code indicates an engine speed sensor fault or severe misfire. Continued driving with an erratic engine speed signal can cause stalling or a no-start condition.
Will disconnecting the battery clear the P1396 code?
Disconnecting the battery may temporarily erase the code, but it will not repair a failed sensor, damaged wiring, or a faulty glow plug. The code will return once the monitor runs.
Can a bad catalytic converter cause a P1396 code?
No. P1396 monitors the glow plug circuit, wheel speed sensors, or engine speed sensors depending on the make. A catalytic converter efficiency issue triggers different codes, such as P0420.
Does P1396 always mean the sensor is bad?
No. The code identifies a detected circuit or performance condition. This is frequently caused by damaged wiring, a poor connection, or debris on a tone ring. Components should only be replaced after testing confirms failure.
What Should You Do About the P1396 Code?
Confirm the exact factory definition for your vehicle, then follow the applicable manufacturer diagnostic procedure. Because P1396 is manufacturer-specific, the diagnostic path for a glow plug monitor fault differs entirely from a wheel speed sensor issue.
Inspect the relevant system and components, including glow plugs, wheel speed sensors, and engine speed sensor circuits. Repair any confirmed wiring damage, or replace the relevant system components only after testing verifies the failure.
